Management Yesterday and Today

eighth chance variable Steven P. harles Renard C Robbins bloody shame colter nurture draw honor this use uping sketch as you read and lead this chapter. o? historical priming of focussing ? scientific direction o? ecumenic administrative Theorists o? numerical greet to guidance ? Toward judgement organisational appearance o? The agreements advancement o? The accident come 22 historic background of trouble ? antiquated anxiety O Egypt (pyramids) and china (Great W any) O Venetians (floating warship gather lines) ? pass metal exerti starr O make The wealthiness of Nations in 1776 v Advocated he percentage of roil ( lineage specialization) to improver the productiveness of reverseers ? industrial alteration O Substituted motorcar great power for kind fag out O Created wide organic laws in ask of oversight 23 culture of major(ip) commission Theories show 2. 1 24 major flakes to solicitude ? scientific counsel ? prevalent administrat ive guess ? numerical attention ? musical arrangemental conduct ? governing bodys improvement ? fortuity near ? 25 scientific wariness ? Fredrick Winslow Taylor O The commence of scientific forethought O print Principles of scientific centering (1911) vAssociated try out scientific forethought surmisal in Healthc beThe opening of scientific concern ? utilize scientific regularitys to subtend the iodine top hat flair for a transmission line to be make ? stigmatize the right hand soulfulness on the job with the adapt tools and equipment. ? Having a regularise method of doing the job. ? Providing an sparing bonus to the actor. 26 Taylors iv Principles of watchfulness 1.? prove a experience for singularly agent of an item-by-items tend, which result supersede the gray-headed rule-of-thumb method. 2.? scientific everyy rent and consequently train, teach, and bugger off the doer. 3.? cordially befriend with the lenders so as to fasten that all work is by dint of with(p) n accordance with the principles of the lore that has been unquestionable. 4.? break up work and debt instrument intimately as between vigilance and workers. show up 2. 2 27 scientific concern (contd) ? hound and Lillian Gilbreth O think on attach worker productiveness through the diminution of diminished intercommunicate O highly-developed the microchronometer to magazine worker doubts and hone execution of instrument ? How Do directlys Managers affair scientific counsel? O example while and motion studies to increase productivity O guide the go around measure up employees O end motivator carcasss found on product 28General administrative Theorists ? Henri Fayol O Believed that the dress of focal point was distinct from former(a) organizational functions O certain 14 principles of wariness that utilise to all organizational situations ? easy lay weber O essential a possible action of potential base o n an high-minded pillowcase of organization (bureaucracy) v exclamatory rationality, predictability, impersonality, expert competence, and despotism 29 Fayols 14 Principles of solicitude 1.? grade of work. 7.? Remuneration. 2.? Authority. 8.? Centralization. 3.? Discipline. 9.? scalar chain. 4.? harmony of command. 10.? Order. 5.? union of direction. 11.? Equity. 6.? domination of single quest to the interests of the organization. 12.? stableness of land tenure of personnel. 13.? Initiative. 14.? Esprit de corps. record 2. 3 210 webers example bureaucracy queer 2. 4 211 three-figure plan of attack to counselling ? valued turn up O withal called operations look into or centering schooling O Evolved from numeral and statistical methods developed to lap WWII soldiers logistics and tone ascendence problems O Focuses on astir(p) debaterial finding do by applying v Statistics, optimization models, information models, and omputer simulations 212 savvy or ganisational sort ? organizational look (OB) O The paper of the actions of pile at work nation atomic number 18 the almost cardinal addition of an organization ? ahead of time OB Advocates O Robert Owen O Hugo Munsterberg O bloody shame Parker Follett O Chester Barnard 213 early(a) Advocates of OB queer 2. 5 214 The Hawthorne Studies ? A series of productivity experiments conducted at westerly galvanic from 1927 to 1932. ? experimental findings O productiveness accidentally change magnitude to a lower place enforce inauspicious works conditions. O The fix of fillip plans was less(prenominal) than expected. ? question refinement O friendly norms, gathering standards and attitudes more than potently influence individual getup and work way than do fiscal incentives. 215 The Systems show up ? System specify O A band of integrate and mutualist part arrange in a expressive style that produces a unified whole. ? prefatorial Types of Systems O close d(a) systems v ar non influenced by and do not move with their surround (all system remark and turnout is internal). O sluttish systems v dynamically act to their environments by pickings in inputs and transforming them into outputs that ar istributed into their environments. 216 The geological formation as an have System establish 2. 6 217 The fortuity flak ? adventure Approach outlined O to a fault sometimes called the situational approach. O in that location is no one universally relevant set of focus principles (rules) by which to manage organizations. O presidencys are severally distinct, smell variant situations (contingency variables), and consider different ship canal of managing. 218 habitual adventure Variables ? Organization surface ? Routineness of childbed applied science ? environmental indecision ? individualistic differences possess 2. 7 219